The Influence of Personal Selling, Innovation Capacity, and Distribution Effectiveness on the Marketing Performance of MSMEs with a Competitive Environment as a Moderation Variable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jubima.v2i4.3391Keywords:
Personal selling, Innovation, Distribution, Marketing, MSMEsAbstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of personal selling, innovation capacity, and distribution effectiveness on the marketing performance of MSMEs, as well as the role of moderating the competitive environment. This study uses the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach with 387 MSME respondents in Indonesia. The results showed that personal selling and innovation capacity had a positive and significant influence on marketing performance, while distribution effectiveness did not show a significant influence. The competitive environment plays a significant moderating variable on the influence of innovation capacity but does not moderate the relationship between personal selling and distribution and marketing performance. These findings indicate that to improve marketing performance, MSMEs need to focus on personal selling strategies and product innovation, especially in markets with a high level of competition. This research also provides recommendations for MSMEs to improve their distribution strategies and better adapt to the development of marketing technology.
References
Adewale, A. G., Adeniran, A. J., & Oluyinka, S. A. (2019). The effect of personal selling and marketing on firm sales growth. IRJDO - Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 1–18. https://www.researchgate.net
Agus, A., Limakrisna, N., & Muharram, H. (2023). Internal Factors Determining MSME Business Performance: A Literature Study. Journal of World Science, 2(11), 1894–1901. https://doi.org/10.58344/jws.v2i11.493
Ahmed, W., Najmi, A., & Ikram, M. (2020). Steering firm performance through innovative capabilities: A contingency approach to innovation management. Technology in Society, 63(February), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101385
Akbarina, F., Putri, F., Lusianingrum, W., & Pratiwi, R. (2024). Product and Service Innovation in Entrepreneurship Business. International Journal of Economic Literature (INJOLE), 2(2), 619–631.
Ananda, Y. P. (2022). Building and Communicating Brand By Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)In Indonesia. Journal of Economic Empowerment Strategy (JEES), 5(Vol 5 No 2), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.23969/jees.v5i2.5403
Anzules-Falcones, W., & Novillo-Villegas, S. (2023). Innovation Capacity, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Flexibility: An Analysis from Industrial SMEs in Ecuador. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(13), 18–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310321
Arifin, R., Ningsih, A. A. T., & Putri, A. K. (2021). The Important Role of MSMEs in Improving The Economy. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 24(6), 52–59.
Bekti Karnowati, N., Suwandari, L., Adi Prakoso, F., & Widya Apriandi, D. (2021). Moderating Competitive Advantage On Factors Affecting MSMEs Business Performance In The Time Of Covid-19. International Journal of Science, 611–622. http://ijstm.inarah.co.id
Belinda, B., & Subagyo, A. (2023). The Influence of Marketing Communication and Trust on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT. Media Synergy in 2023. Sosio E-Kons, 15(3), 298. https://doi.org/10.30998/sosioekons.v15i3.21188
Bintari, W. P., Cahya, A. D., & Wulandari, N. (2021). Analysis of Marketing Strategy in an Effort To Attract Consumer Buying Interest on Msme Peyek Sari Menir Gunung Kidul. JIM UPB (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Universitas Putera Batam), 9(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.33884/jimupb.v9i2.3720
Callegari, B., & Nybakk, E. (2022). Schumpeterian theory and research on forestry innovation and entrepreneurship: The state of the art, issues and an agenda. Forest Policy and Economics, 138(March), 102720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2022.102720
Crick, J. M., Friske, W., & Morgan, T. A. (2024). The relationship between coopetition strategies and company performance under different levels of competitive intensity, market dynamism, and technological turbulence. Industrial Marketing Management, 118(February), 56–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.02.005
Crosby, L. A., Evans, K. R., & Cowles, D. (1990). Relationship Quality in Services Selling : An Interpersonal. Journal of Marketing, 54(July), 68–81.
Czinkota, M., Kotabe, M., Vrontis, D., & Shams, R. (2020). Marketing Management: Past, Present and Future. In Springer (Issue December, pp. 2020–2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66916-4
Dibra, M. (2015). Rogers Theory on Diffusion of Innovation-The Most Appropriate Theoretical Model in the Study of Factors Influencing the Integration of Sustainability in Tourism Businesses. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1453–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.443
Ding, C., Zhang, R., & Wu, X. (2023). The impact of product diversity and distribution networks on consumption expansion. Journal of Business Research, 161(263), 113833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113833
Donyavi, S., Flanagan, R., Assadi-Langroudi, A., & Parisi, L. (2024). Understanding the complexity of materials procurement in construction projects to build a conceptual framework influencing supply chain management of MSMEs. International Journal of Construction Management, 24(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2023.2267862
Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., Kumar, V., Rahman, M. M., Raman, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Rowley, J., Salo, J., Tran, G. A., & Wang, Y. (2021). Setting the future of digital and social media marketing research: Perspectives and research propositions. International Journal of Information Management, 59(June 2020), 102168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168
Farida, I., & Setiawan, D. (2022). Business Strategies and Competitive Advantage: The Role of Performance and Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030163
Fathurrahman, F., & Fitri, S. E. (2024). Transforming the Finance of Small and Medium Micro Enterprises: Unlocking Growth Through Innovation in Central Lombok District. Jurnal Bina Praja, 16(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.97-109
Firmansyah, F., S, M., Rohman, F., & Khusniyah, N. (2019). The Concept and Steps of Personal Selling. 1st Internatitle Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (ICONIES 2018), 101(Iconies 2018), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.2991/iconies-18.2019.43
Fortunata, F., Ginting, N., Luhur, S., & ... (2023). Influence Of Personal Selling, Sales Promotion And Customer Satisfaction On Customer Loyalty At PT Ammay Cemerlang NUsantara Medan. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 1076–1079. http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/1832%0Ahttp://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/download/1832/1466
Galvin, P., Burton, N., Singh, P. J., Sarpong, D., Bach, N., & Teo, S. (2020). Network rivalry, Competition and Innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161(August), 120253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120253
Garrido-Vega, P., Sacristán-Díaz, M., Moyano-Fuentes, J., & Alfalla-Luque, R. (2023). The role of competitive environment and strategy in the supply chain’s agility, adaptability and alignment capabilities. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 32(2), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-01-2021-0018
Handoyo, S., Suharman, H., Ghani, E. K., & Soedarsono, S. (2023). A business strategy, operational efficiency, ownership structure, and manufacturing performance: The moderating role of market uncertainty and competition intensity and its implication on open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2), 100039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100039
Hanfan, A. (2021). Product Configuration Capability for Improving Marketing Performance of Small and Medium Metal Industry in Central Java - Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 23(2), 138–147. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.23.2.138-147
Hariyanti, S., & Kristanti, D. (2024). Digital Transformation in MSMEs: an Overview of Challenges and Opportunities in Adopting Digital Technology. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Akuntansi Dan Keuangan (JAMBAK), 3(1), 37–46.
Hendra, J., Sudarmiatin, & Hermawan, A. (2022). MSMEs Marketing Strategy During the Covid 19 Pandemic To Achieve Competitive Advantage. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 2(3), 730–739. https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i3.286
Huang, X. (2023). The roles of competition on innovation efficiency and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese manufacturing industry. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2022.100201
Hurtado-Palomino, A., De la Gala-Velásquez, B., & Ccorisapra-Quintana, J. (2022). The interactive effect of innovation capability and potential absorptive capacity on innovation performance. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100259
Itani, O. S., Goad, E. A., & Jaramillo, F. (2019). Building customer relationships while achieving sales performance results: Is listening the holy grail of sales? Journal of Business Research, 102(April), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.04.048
Juhari, J., Anshori, M. I., & Adriani, N. (2018). Analysis of Porter’s Five Forces on PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 11(3), 1233–1240.
Jung, S. U., & Shegai, V. (2023). The Impact of Digital Marketing Innovation on Firm Performance: Mediation by Marketing Capability and Moderation by Firm Size. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075711
Katsikeas, C. S., Morgan, N. A., Leonidau, L. C., & Hult, G. T. M. (2017). Assessing Performance Outcomes in Marketing Constantine. Journal of Marketing, 80(2), 1–20.
Kaukab, M. E. (2024). Measuring innovation capability and its effects on financial performance using companies’ annual reports. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(3), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(3).2024.11
Kotler, P., & Armstong, G. (2018). Principles Of Marketing. In Peorson (17e Global). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00295839
Kuleh, Y., Kadafi, M. A., & Ilmi, Z. (2023). Prospects of Digitalization of MSMEs Business Expansion in Sepakat Village. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 7(3), 769–782. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v7i3.53268
Kurniadi, H., & Rana, J. A. S. (2023). The power of trust: How does consumer trust impact satisfaction and loyalty in Indonesian digital business? Innovative Marketing, 19(2), 236–249. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(2).2023.19
Larios-Francia, R. P., & Ferasso, M. (2023). The relationship between innovation and performance in MSMEs: The case of the wearing apparel sector in emerging countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(1), 100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100018
Lukitaningsih, A., Bagus Nyoman Udayana, I., Hadi, S., Marjukah, A., & Aptik Evanjeli, L. (2023). Customer response power capability to enhance marketing performance in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 16(2), 163–176.
Mahmudah, H., & Muhtarom, A. (2024). Effect of Business Digitalization and Social Media on MSME Performance with Digital Competence as a Mediating Variable. Scientific Journal of Informatics, 11(3), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.15294/sji.v11i3.9942
Maidah, F. Al, Rizki, V. L., & Putri, N. L. I. (2023). Branding and Packaging Training to Improve Product Promotion at MSMEs in Mojosari Village. Empowerment Society, 6(2), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.30741/eps.v6i2.1089
Maksum, I. R., Sri Rahayu, A. Y., & Kusumawardhani, D. (2020). A social enterprise approach to empowering micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/JOITMC6030050
Marlina, L., Jamaluddin, J., Hastuti, P., & Elliyana, E. (2024). The Effect of Personal Selling “Yakult Lady” and Brand Image on Consumer Loyalty. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 23(2), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.25105/ber.v23i2.18360
Moreira, A., Navaia, E., & Ribau, C. (2024). Innovation capabilities and their dimensions: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 8(3), 313–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2024.07.001
Muis, I., Adhi, T. M., & Kamalia, R. F. (2024). the Impact of Digital Marketing and Innovation on Marketing Performance Is Influenced Through the Development of a Competitive Advantage. Revista de Gestao Social e Ambiental, 18(8), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-081
Mujianto, M., Hartoyo, H., Nurmalina, R., & Yusuf, E. Z. (2023). The Unraveling Loyalty Model of Traditional Retail to Suppliers for Business Sustainability in the Digital Transformation Era: Insight from MSMEs in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032827
Mutiah, Norhabiba, F., Sukardani, P. S., & Setiadi, T. (2024). Communication In Persopnal Selling Activities Of MSMEs Actors. Proceeding of INternational Joint Conference on UNESA, 1(2), 1–6.
Natoil, N., Sopi, S., & Hartarini, Y. M. (2023). Enhancing Marketing Performance in Msmes: Empirical Research From Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Management Analysis Journal, 12(3), 385–394. https://doi.org/10.15294/maj.v12i3.72739
Nurlinda, N., Novita, V., Siregar, D. A., Hanum, A., & Hiya, Z. (2023). Building a Business Model for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) after the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case Study of MSME Fried Onions UMI 4 R Kitchen). IJRS: Internasional Journal Reglement Society, 4(1), 1–17.
Obeten, G. U., James, E. E., & Ndem, S. E. (2023). Personal selling and the marketing of industrial products in Nigeria. Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(2), 049–063. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2023.6.2.0047
Octasylva, A. R. P., Yuliati, L. N., Hartoyo, H., & Soehadi, A. W. (2022). Innovativeness as the Key to MSMEs’ Performances. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116429
Ohara, M. R., & Astutik, W. S. (2024). Digital Marketing Innovation and the Role of Information Systems in Enhancing MSME Market Expansion. Jurnal Minfo Polgan, 13(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33395/jmp.v13i2.14167
Oktaria, E. T., Raras, P. N., Alam, I. A., Barusman, A. R. P., & Habiburrahman, H. (2024). Factors for Increasing Competitive Advantage in MSMEs Reviewed from a Systematic Literature Review. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 5(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v5i3.3132
Omsa, S. (2017). Five Competitive Forces Model and the Implementation of Porter’s Generic Strategies to Gain Firm Performances. Science Journal of Business and Management, 5(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjbm.20170501.12
Pedraza, J. M. (2021). The Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Its Role in the Economic Development of a Country. Business and Management Research, 10(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v10n1p33
Porter, M. E. (1991). Book Review: The Competitive Advantage of Nations. In Harvard Busuness Review (Vol. 17, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700113
Prakasa, Y., Sujoko, A., Aziz, N. A., & Muttaqin, A. (2022). Absorptive Capacity and Innovation Capability: Assessing the Impact on Smes Performance in the New Normal Era. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(3), 325. https://doi.org/10.26418/jebik.v11i3.57368
Purnamasari, L., Rizan, M., Sebayang, K. D. A., & Ferry, S. (2024). Social Media Marketing Optimization to Increase MSME Brand Preference : Systematic Literature Review. DEMAnD Digital Economic, Management and Accounting Knowledge Development, 06(01), 1–15.
Rajapathirana, R. P. J., & Hui, Y. (2018). Relationship between innovation capability, innovation type, and firm performance. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 3(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.06.002
Ramdlaningrum, H., Mawesti, D., Ismah, N., Aidha, C. N., Armintasari, F., & Ningrum, D. R. (2022). Economic Empowerment for Women-led MSMEs in Rural Indonesia Lessons from Indonesian CSOs. 1–80.
Rochmah, R. N. (2020). An Innovation Capability Model To Increase Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Competitiveness in Indonesia: A Conceptual Model. Proceedings of the 2nd Faculty of Industrial Technology International Congress, 240–246.
Sastradinata, B. L. N., Pratiwi, I. N., & Sulastri, S. (2024). Increasing MSME Competitiveness through Creativity and Innovation in The Digital Era Study at Simping MSME Centers in Purwakarta. Proceedings of the 8th Global Conference on Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship (GCBME 2023, Gcbme 2023, 1071–1101. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-443-3_139
Saunila, M. (2020). Innovation capability in SMEs: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 5(4), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.11.002
Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (1994a). Does Competitive Environment Moderate the Market Orientation-Performance Relationship? Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252250
Slater, S. F., & Narver, J. C. (1994b). Does Competitive Environment Performance Relationship. Journal of Marketing, 58(January), 46–55.
Srimulyani, V. A., Hermanto, Y. B., Rustiyaningsih, S., & Setiyo Waloyo, L. A. (2023). Internal factors of entrepreneurial and business performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in East Java, Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(11), e21637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21637
Stobbe, M. (2008). Supply Chain and Supply Chain Management. In Logistic Optimization of Chemical Production Processes (Issue February 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527622771.ch1
Susanti, E., Mulyanti, R. Y., & Wati, L. N. (2023). MSMEs performance and competitive advantage: Evidence from women’s MSMEs in Indonesia. Cogent Business and Management, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2239423
Sutrisno, Ausat, A. M. A., Permana, R. M., & Santosa, S. (2023). Effective Marketing Strategies for MSMEs during Ramadan in Indonesia. Community Development Journal, 4(2), 1901–1906.
Tambunan, T. T. H. (2024). Micro and Small Enterprises’ Export Competencies and Cooperation in Indonesia. Journal of Developing Economies, 9(1), 84–106. https://doi.org/10.20473/jde.v9i1.53667
Tarihoran, A. D. B., Hubeis, M., Jahroh, S., & Zulbainarni, N. (2023). Market-based dynamic capabilities for MSMEs: Evidence from Indonesia’s ornamental fish industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100123
Terho, H., Giovannetti, M., & Cardinali, S. (2022). Measuring B2B social selling: Key activities, antecedents and performance outcomes. Industrial Marketing Management, 101(January), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.12.016
Tiwari, S., Sharma, P., Choi, T. M., & Lim, A. (2023). Blockchain and third-party logistics for global supply chain operations: Stakeholders’ perspectives and decision roadmap. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 170(December 2022), 103012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2022.103012
Tryon, C. A. (2016). Managing Organizational Knowledge. In Managing Organizational Knowledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11714
Udayana, I. B. N., Farida, N., Lukitaningsih, A., Tjahjono, H. K., & Nuryakin. (2021). The important role of customer bonding capability to increase marketing performance in small and medium enterprises. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1932239
Vagnani, G., & Volpe, L. (2017). Innovation attributes and managers’ decisions about the adoption of innovations in organizations: A meta-analytical review. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 1(2), 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2017.10.001
Vijande, M. L. S., Sanchez, J. A. L., Loredo, E., Rudd, J., & Mielgo, N. L. (2022). Role of innovation and architectural marketing capabilities in channelling entrepreneurship into performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 100248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100248
Vrhovac, V., Dakić, D., Milisavljević, S., Ćelić, Đ., Stefanović, D., & Janković, M. (2024). The Factors Influencing User Satisfaction in Last-Mile Delivery: The Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Mathematics, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/math12121857
Wahyudi, A. S., Yulivan, I., & Rahman, A. (2024). The Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Supporting Indonesia’s Economic Resilience. Nasionalism Dan Integrity, 10(2), 297–307. https://jurnal.idu.ac.id/index.php/defensejournalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v10i2.19519
Widjaja, G. (2024). Brand As An UMKM Asset: A Business Development Strategy In Simple Beach Village, Muara Gembong Sub-District, Bekasi District, WEst Java. International Journal of Society Reviews (INJOSER), 15(1), 37–48.
Yahaya, H. D., & Nadarajah, G. (2023). Determining key factors influencing SMEs’ performance: A systematic literature review and experts’ verification. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2251195
Yaiprasert, C., & Hidayanto, A. N. (2024). AI-powered ensemble machine learning to optimize cost strategies in logistics business. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(1), 100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100209
Yanurida, D., & Istania, R. (2023). Factors That Pose Challenges For MSMEs In Engaging With The Government Procurement Digital Marketplace. International Journal of Economics Development Research, 4(2), 2023–1098.
Yeo, S. F., Khoo, Y. H., Tan, C. L., & Lim, K. B. (2020). Product packaging: Impact on customers’ purchase intention. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(2), 857–864.
Yi, H. T., Cha, Y. B., & Amenuvor, F. E. (2021). Effects of sales-related capabilities of personal selling organizations on individual sales capability, sales behaviors and sales performance in cosmetics personal selling channels. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073937
Yoshino, N. (2016). Major Challenges Facing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Asia and Solutions for Mitigating Them. SSRN Electronic Journal, 564. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2766242
Zahara, Z., Ikhsan, Santi, I. N., & Farid. (2023). Entrepreneurial marketing and marketing performance through digital marketing capabilities of SMEs in post-pandemic recovery. Cogent Business and Management, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2204592
Zahrah, N. A. (2024). The Influence of Collaborative Strategies in Promoting Increasing Sales Volume of Creative Industry MSMEs. Trending: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Ekonomi, 2(2). https://jurnaluniv45sby.ac.id/index.php/Trending/article/view/2377%0Ahttps://jurnaluniv45sby.ac.id/index.php/Trending/article/download/2377/1908
Zhang, H., Wang, Y., & Song, M. (2020). Does competitive intensity moderate the relationships between sustainable capabilities and sustainable organizational performance in new ventures? Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010253
